Effects of the Increased Smoking Trend - 688 Words

Today we see no country where there isn’t some percentage of people who smoke. The trend has spread widely over the years throughout the world. Smoking is a trend that did not start in the recent years but its history dates back to early 5026 BC. Surprisingly it was first used just for the medication purposes as opium was considered to have some medical properties. One of the reasons behind this wide spread of smoking tradition is the portrayal of smoking in movies and television, no doubt, this encouraged people to smoke and created a concept in young and immature minds that one looks cool when smokes. Many cigarette companies were successful in having a time for their product’s advertisement on television but with the Tobacco Master Settlement Agreement in 1998 the tv adds for cigarette companies were banned. Ever since people started smoking researchers had been searching for its adverse effects to the human body. Fritz Lickint, in 1929 presented formal statistical evidence that cigarette smoking leads to lung cancer. This resulted in a movement in Nazi Germany which was strongly against smoking. As smoking is considered the main cause of cancer, it has different kinds which can attack human being anytime during the smoking period. The most common cancer which traps people is called lung cancer. About 90% of lung cancers these days are because of tobacco use. According to the fact sheet of CDC Centers for disease control and prevention smoking can also affect our bones.Show MoreRelatedWhy We Smoke Essay1061 Words   |  5 Pagesof classroom lecture on all the negative side effects that smoking causes in the human body, I felt somewhat concerned that the habit that I have had for 10 years of my life might be a serious problem to my health, even at this young age. We spent a great deal of time discussing the negative side effects of smoking covering heart disease, cancer, and respiratory failure, but there was very little discussion given to how and why we started smoking in the first place and what steps we have to takeRead More Smoking and Tobacco - Cigarettes and Addiction Essay example715 Words   |  3 Pagestobacco smoking. People who are addicted to smoking tobacco are teenagers, young adults, and older adults. The number of people addicted to smoking tobacco has increased highly over the last 5 years. Social problems and media are major reasons for this increase. Smokers are every where with their foggy sphere of cigarette smoke. The large amount of cigarette butts that could be found in the streets, parks, play grounds, bus stops, and other places is one proof of the increased numbersRead MoreThe Effects of Smoking Bans on Victims of Exposure to Second Hand Smoke800 Words   |  4 PagesThe Effects of Smoking Bans on Victims of Exposure to Second Hand Smoke Exposure to second hand smoke, which for the purposes of this report will be designated SHS, poses extremely detrimental health risks for any and all individuals who consider themselves non-smokers, especially young children and pregnant women. SHS is estimated to contribute to heart attacks in nonsmokers and causes nearly 53,800 deaths in the United States alone on an annual basis.1 According to the United States SurgeonRead MoreTobacco Smoking Is A Major Public Health Threat For Both1308 Words   |  6 PagesTobacco smoking is a major public health threat for both smokers and non-smokers. There is accumulating evidence demonstrating that smoking causes several human diseases, including those affecting the cardiovascular system. Indeed, tobacco smoking is responsible for as high as 30% of heart disease related deaths in the United States (US) each year1. Being the single most preventable risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease, a trend towards tobacco harm red uction started years ago2Read More Past and Current Trends of Drug Abuse in the United States Essay709 Words   |  3 PagesPast and Current Trends of Drug Abuse in the United States   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Drug abuse has changed over the years due to the trends that Americans face from the encouragement of different cultures. The abuse of substances creates many health problems. The following will discuss the past and current trends of drug use and the effects these drugs have on the health of the individuals who abuse the drugs.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The use of cocaine in the United States has declined over the last twenty years while the use ofRead MorePast and Current Trends with Drug Use Essay705 Words   |  3 PagesCurrent Trends of Drug Abuse in the United States Drug abuse has changed over the years due to the trends that Americans face from the encouragement of different cultures. The abuse of substances creates many health problems. The following will discuss the past and current trends of drug use and the effects these drugs have on the health of the individuals who abuse the drugs. The use of cocaine in the United States has declined over the last twenty years while the use of crack has increased. ManyRead MoreThe Impact of Smoking Bans875 Words   |  3 PagesThe Impact of Smoking Bans Few issues over the use of public and commercial space ignite more impassioned disagreement than that over indoor smoking bans. With evidence of the dangers of second-hand smoking having achieved a state of being incontrovertible, lawmakers, lobby groups and public health advocacy groups have taken steps to diminish the exposure to second-hand smoke experienced by individuals on the whole. While the benefits of a smoking ban in bars, restaurants, clubs and other suchRead MoreThe Effects Of Smoking Ban On Employees And Passive Smokers At Work Place And Home1295 Words   |  6 PagesInvestigating the effects of Workplace Smoking Ban Contents Investigating the effects of Workplace Smoking Ban 1 Aim and Objectives 1 Literature Review / Research Background 2 Research Rationale 3 Learning Outcomes 3 Study Design 4 Type of Study 4 Type of Design 4 Data Types 4 Ethics 5 Risk 5 Required Resources 5 Research Time Frame 5 References 6 Aim and Objectives The kay aim of the research is to investigate the effects of smoking ban at work place on employees and these effects may include healthRead MoreThe Importance Of Techniques In Research1596 Words   |  7 Pagesquestionnaires, in order to make sure that it is appropriately measuring the intended constructs. A single study that shows a positive association between two events do not automatically indicate cause and effect (Gary Taubes, 2007). A causal hypothesis that is positive or negative, does not imply cause and effect is present or absent (Webb Bain, 2011). Epidemiological studies often generate false positive and false negative results as such it is imperative that epidemiologists avoid causal inferences onRead MoreEffectiveness Of Models Of Health1647 Words   |  7 Pagesrelation to Smoking-related Conditions Models of health include biomedical model and social models.  ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Firstly, this essay explains why as patterns of illness change over the last 150 years, social models are more relevant than biomedical model in helping us understand causes of ill health. Secondly, it discusses how social models like Biopsychosocial and Dhalgren and Whitehead’s model are effective, to a certain extent, in explaining current trends in significant health issues like smoking-related conditions

Reflection Paper On Health Care Delivery - 1489 Words

Reflection Paper Introduction: Health care delivery in America has a unique approach. I worked as a Dentist in India and gradually developed an interest in Health Care Administration, which is why I have selected MHA to pursue my career as a manager or administrator in a health care setting. Eventually, I did some research on scope and importance of managers in Health Care settings. Consequently, I have found that U.S Health Care model has been followed and recognized globally. Additionally, I will learn knowledge and global exposure related to health care. Hence, I have chosen to pursue MHA in U.S by calculating benefits. This paper is about my learning experience from the course theoretically and practically throughout the semester. In the beginning of the semester, I struggled in getting accustomed to the climate, culture and educational system, as they were totally different than in India. I was hesitant to ask any doubts I had in mind. Eventually, I have developed the courage to talk, discuss and ask the things which I should know. Gradually, I have improvised my communications skills and abilities, which are main skills for any managerial position in any field. The assignments that are structured in the course made me developed the communication skills. Mainly, the interview report of personnel in a health care setting made me enlightened by letting me know the scope and nature of the job position which I might like to choose as inShow MoreRelatedThe United Kingdom s National Health Service Essay1022 Words   |  5 Pagesculture, decision-making processes as well as organizational learning just to mention a few. The United Kingdom’s National Health Service is an organization that primarily helps citi zens be in charge of their health care. The group started with the principles that quality healthcare should be available to all regardless of their social status, in this event, easy access to health care. NHS has over 64 million people enrolled and deals with over 1 million patients every 36 hours. The organization employsRead MoreTechnology Affects Our Lives And The World981 Words   |  4 Pagessocially, but mentally and physically to renovate health care. With technology, physicians’ can digitize humans making it possible to monitor every heartbeat, blood pressure, body temperature, glucose level, the rate and depth of our breathing, brain waves, oxygen concentration, and muscle activity, all the things that make us tick as living beings. By interning at Sector-Wide Health, a healthcare company, our mission is to empower physicians and health care professionals to take the leap and move forwardRead MoreEssay on Evolution of Health Care Information Systems1299 Words    |  6 PagesEvolution of Health Care Information Systems Dimetria Major HCS/533 March 29, 2013 Suzie Mays Evolution of Health Care Information System Health care has come a long way in technology for the past, implementing new technology has made the health care industry grow in size. Major events of health care have paved the way for future technologies influence the physicians, administrators, clinicians, andRead MoreReflection: Surgery and Reflective Practice1110 Words   |  5 Pagesother options are considered and reflection upon experience to examine what you would do if the situation arose again (Gibbs 1998). Unlike many other models (with the exception of Boud) Gibbs model takes in to account the realm of feelings and emotions, which played a part in a particular event. My rationale for using the reflection framework to the clinical encounter is to try and demonstrate my ability to link theory to practice during the process of reflection. I also choose the Gibbs model toRead MoreKeeping Healthcare Affordable For All Citizens Essay1376 Words   |  6 Pagesall citizens is important. Every person in this country sho uld have the basic right to health care. The article Rights to Healthcare in the United States: Inherently Unstable discuss the rights people should have for healthcare as well as how Medicare and Medicaid came about. This paper discusses some points I agreed with in the article and different ways our country can improve health care. Reflection Paper Module Three After four decades of failure to enact a universal healthcare program, advocatesRead MorePersonal Reflection Essay797 Words   |  4 PagesUniversity of Phoenix Material Program Reflection Answer the following questions about your overall BSHA program experience. Your responses should be a minimum of 100 words each. Use the following program outcomes as a guide, when necessary: 1. Graduates will be able to identify the structure and role of delivery systems within the health care industry. 2. Graduates will be able to examine the components of management and leadership within health care organizations. 3. Graduates will be ableRead MoreIntroduction To Health Informatics Course Has Provided A Broad Range Of Health Information1051 Words   |  5 PagesReflection Paper The Intro to Health Informatics course has provided a broad range of health information that introduces the core concepts in the biomedical community. Throughout this course, my learning experience in health informatics has advance, for I was able to learn a list of materials including: the relationship of biomedical informatics and its related field; the roles of informatics in decision support systems and related health IT applications; and the importance of biomedicine and theRead MoreThe Health Care Delivery System Essay1141 Words   |  5 Pagesjust a job; it is a professional career requiring commitment† (p. 17). This paper will discuss the following topics: The Health Care Delivery system, Professionalism, Health Ethics, Teamwork and Collaboration, and Health Law; and how they relate to the case study, as they are critical aspects of the nursing profession and its very important to understand and apply them in my future practice. In todays’ health care delivery system, nurses are the ones who spend the majority of their time with the patientRead MoreSubstance Abuse In America Case Study780 Words   |  4 Pagesare continuing to worry about the solution to the substance abuse, use and misuse problems that has made a huge impact on their families. Because of this substance issue, The West Virginia Bureau for Behavioral Health and Health Facilities in partnership with West Virginia Department of Health and Human Resources asked SAMSHA to play a role in creating a strategic plan to address this issue. Together a 5-year plan was established and a mission statement was developed. All stakeholders were invitedRead MoreDiscrimination in Health Care1218 Words   |  5 PagesReflection and Professional Growth Journal As a resident of downtown and a registered nurse, I now feel an individual does not have to venture across the world into a war torn, displaced third world community to see human disparity as it is evident only footsteps away. To say the least, my experience at Streetworks has been absolutely incredible. It has been a great eye opening experience that I believe would be unforgettable to any individual fortunate enough to have such an opportunity. Significant

Touching the Void Moitivational Theories Free Essays

Touching the Void is an inspiring story about the power of the human will. To my surprise, the film left me emotionally spent as it touched on the issues of friendship, mortality and survival. I am sure many of my classmates will agree that it is an amazing story. We will write a custom essay sample on Touching the Void: Moitivational Theories or any similar topic only for you Order Now But, for me, the thing that makes it truly inspirational is the way that Joe never gave up. In this brief paper I intend to show how Self Determination and Goal Setting theory influenced Joe’s inspiring story of survival. Self Determination Theory Self-Determination Theory draws from the research that people are inherently active organisms that strive for positive interactions with the environment (Class Lecture, February 3rd 2011). The theory suggests that people have three psychological needs that must be satisfied to initiate and regulate everyday behaviour. In addition, the theory also specifies that satisfaction of these needs also enhances intrinsic motivation (Deci Ryan, 1985b, as cited in Reeve 2008). Intrinsic motivation is self-directed process which leads to more interest based behaviour rather than behaviour based on external rewards (Deci Ryan, 1985b, as cited in Reeve 2008). The first psychological need is to feel a sense of autonomy in performing an activity. Autonomous behaviour involves having an internal locus of control and freedom to determine own behaviour. Autonomy is increased by having a choice, flexibility and opportunities for self direction (Reeve Jang, 2006, as cited in Reeve 2008). The second need is having a sense of relatedness. This can be achieved by having close relationships with people who care about you (Baumeister Leary, 1995, as cited in Reeve 2008). The third fundamental need is to perceive competence in relation to an activity. Competence is increased by engaging in activities that facilate optimal challenge and provides effective feedback (Deci Ryan, 1985b, as cited in Reeve 2008). Self Determination theory provides us with a very applicable framework to understand Joe’s behaviour during his fight to stay alive. As noted by Professor Nisbet in class, intrinsic motivation is generally inherent in people and, can flourish out of people’s need for autonomy, relatedness and competence. There are many benefits an individual can attain by embracing intrinsic motivation. One of these benefits is the importance of persistence on a challenging task (Deci Ryan, 1985b, as cited in Reeve 2008). There are numerous occasions during the film which persistence on a task is evident. Immediately after Joe breaks his leg, it obvious the persistence level of both climbers begins to escalate. Although both men know that a broken leg during a mountain ascent is likely fatal, they still persistent and work toward the goals of reaching the bottom. Joe is in excruciating pain but he continues on simply because there are no other options. There comes a point in the film where Joe is alone, and he continues to fight even though his hope of survival is slipping. Joe describes a constant â€Å"voice† in his head that urges him to â€Å"keep going†. I believe that Joe’s inner voice represents his continued persistence and determination to survive. It is clear that Joe’s high level of persistence allowed him to push him forward when he felt like giving up. Goal Setting Theory Goal setting theory is based on the idea that specific, difficult goals lead to higher task performance than do easy goals (Locke Latham, 1990; Mento, Steel Karren, 1987; Tubbs, 1986, as cited in Reeve 2008). Before difficult and specific goals can raise performance, the concept of goal acceptance must take place within an individual. In general, the individual must decide either to accept or reject the goal. If the goal is both accepted, it will enhance performance and facilitate goal commitment (Erez Kanfer, 1983, as cited in Reeve 2008). In addition, Because goals refer to a future ideal state, setting goals may uncover discrepancy between a present and ideal state. This mismatch between present and ideal state will motivate an individual to achieve an ideal state and modify an ineffective plan if necessary. (Campion Lord, 1982, as cited in Reeve 2008). Joe’s survival story is a testament to how to effective goal setting can be. With no food, no water frostbitten fingers, and a shattered leg Joe comes to the conclusion that if he wants to survive he must â€Å"set definite targets† for himself. Faced with an enormous task, Joe consistently sets small specific, attainable goals to increase the chances of his survival. For example, Joe would challenge himself to crawl to a particular rock within twenty minutes. When he got there, he set himself another goal, and then another. This is how Joes managed to mentally deal with the seemingly impossible task of getting to the bottom of the mountain. In summary, Touching the Void is an astonishing story of determination and persistence and it probably says more to me about goal-setting than anything else I have ever watched. By focusing on Joe’s 3 psychological needs and goal setting motives, we have learned much about the reasons why Joe never gave up. Although it may seem unrealistic to compare how Joe survived a life and death ordeal to our ordinary lives, extreme stories like this help us understand what drives motivational behaviours in everyday situations. How to cite Touching the Void: Moitivational Theories, Essay examples

Animal Communication Essay Example For Students

Animal Communication Essay Throughout this course of study, the concept of language as the demarcation between animals and humans has prevailed. Further, as we have seen in our class readings, many claim that it is through language that our consciousness and cognitive skills are developed. Accordingly, these skills are necessary for us to interpret and conceptualize our world. What this infers is that because we have these skills and the brute animals do not, animals do not possess the ability to analyze or think about their world. When presented in this manner, I was almost convinced that this was a plausible representation of mental development. However, I found that I still had a nagging feeling that it could not be true. Upon further investigation I found that language is by no means the only way to interpret or communicate in the world. The significance of this statement is that if my thesis proves valid the results are twofold: it refutes the behaviorists and Cartesian assertion that language is the boundary that separates animals and humans; and it supports the theory that animals not only have language, but they also posses the ability for cognitive thought.No one will argue that animals possess sight and auditory abilities. However, the concept that animals have language and are capable of thought for some is a bitter pill to swollow. I believe that they are also capable of thought and even intention. Granted, the development of language is often used as a gauge of mental aptitude in humans: Language competence is intimately tied to, or maybe even definitive of, our concept of human mentality (Atherton and Schwartz, 137). However, while language is an asset which enables people to conceptualize their world, it is by no means a necessity. This is demonstrated by the ability of physically handicapped persons (e.g. , the deaf) and mentally handicapped persons (e.g., victims of cerebral palsy) to communicate using symbols. It is also demonstrated by the reliance on kinesics, body language, in young children. Numerous studies attest to the ability of apes and baboons to communicate using symbols and body language. These studies are the first steps in proving the existence of animal mentation.Griffin argues that many scientists do not accept the notion of animal mentation because of the difficulty of defining abstract concepts such as consciousness and mind (Griffin 163). In reviewing the works of other scholars, Griffin puts forth some working definitions. The concept of mind Encompasses sense perception, feeling and emotion, traits of character and personality, and the volitional aspects of human life, as well as the more narrowly intellectual phenomena (Griffin 163). Consciousness in an entity suggests an organism which can have intentions the ability to form a plan, and make a decision to adopt the plan (Griffin 164). Although these terms are defined by their human references, studies indicate that animals, and even insects, demonstrate emotion, volition, and planning in their daily lives. For example, the communicative dances of honeybees convey multi-level messages that suggest conscious thought and the incorporation of new information (Griffin 178). Similarly, wild vervet monkeys have a system whihc allows them to alert others in their group to potential danger. Diamond states that they have a natural form of symbolic communication based on grunts, with slightly different grunts to mean leopard, eagle, and snake. (Diamond 55). What is significant is that the concept of volition is also evident vervet monkeys when they fake a grunt in order to scatter the other monkeys away from food. Hence, volition and communication should not be considered unique to the human animal. The ability to manipulate objects and to investigate new information is considered another hallmark of the intellectual development unique to humans. However children, as well as animals are capable of learning these traits equally as well. According to Piaget, the child is like a little scientist who almost from birth touches objects, manipulates them, turns them around, looks at them, and in these ways he develops an increasing understanding of their properties (Wood 35). The understanding comes, in part, from referring to preceding observables which are related to the object; or inferring the relations between an action and a reaction, but the input is always from observable material contents (Piaget 171). All this is accomplished without the benefit of language. It is not necessary to communicate verbally to a child presented with a new object how to incorporate that object into its existing schemes. The ability to incorporate new information is a sign of the childs development of mental aptitude. Further, countless examples of this new information incorporation idea was observed by Savage-Rumbaugh in Kanzi. In particular, the experiment that allowed the apes to see themselves on television. All of the apes responded with individual ideosyncrosities when presented with the seeing themselves and knowing who they were observing on the television. Additionally, Savage-Rumbaugh relates similar events associated with hand mirrors that were given to the apes.According to Piaget, a childs first communication occurs, not by language, but by acted conversations (Wood 181). Children use a variety of pointing, waving, and gyration motions to indicate what is on their minds. Even after a child makes initial attempts at speech, understanding his or her body language is critical in deciphering the intent of the communication. Wood points out that Younger children depend on gestures and bodily movement for a direct statement of their message. With the acquisition of verbal language, gestures and movements take on the different role of complementing the verbal message (Wood 182). Physics M ability is the result of stimulus-response activity or conditioning. (i.e. the Behaviorists and the Cartesians). As we have already discussed in class, these theories are being hotly debated today, and it appears as though the majority believe that cognitive thought is possible in species other than humans.Strum reports on Washburn whose research indicates that baboon aggression is linked to the inability of the ape family to develop language skills (Strum 145). In the early development of humans, man acquired a complex social life stemming from his grasp of language. This complex social life modified the human body, emotions and brain. In fact, the specific part of the brain that makes language possible could really be considered the social brain functioning as a mediator of social pressures and helping to produce appropriate social actions (Strum 146). This suggests that the ape familys lack of language skills has stunted the evolution of their cognitive abilities.Strum disagrees with critics who attribute deficient mental abilities to animals, and cites her studies with baboons as evidence: All the evidence pointed to baboons being remarkably clever social sophisticates in all aspects of their lives (Strum 140). Strum found that baboon society exhibited a stable, female hierarchy unique to the animal world. In studying baboons for the past fifteen years, she has noted extraordinary intelligence, planning and insight in their interaction with each other (Strum 128). Their behavior ranged from comical to aggressive.The work of Jane Goodall in assessing the intelligence of apes give further credence to the theory of animal mentation. Goodall spent twenty-nine years studying chimpanzee behavior in Africa. She concludes: All those who have worked long and closely with chimpanzees have no hesitation in asserting that chimpanzees have emotions similar to those which in ourselves we label pleasure, joy, sorrow, boredom and so on (Rollin 271). Goodall approached her work not only as a scientist, but as a human being who felt a moral responsibility to the subjects under study.Rollin believes that the moral aspect in scientific research involving animals is lacking because scientists are unwilling to admit the existence of animal mentation. They fear being accused of anthropomorphism! I believe that they not only fear anthropomorphism, but they are genuinely afraid of dissipating the thin line that distinguishes the animals from the humans. This concept of fear is further addressed by Dr. Matt Cartmill when he reflects that Whether we fear or welcome the dissolution of the animal human boundary (as) the real issue behind much of the recent debate over primate communication, sociobiology, and human evolution. (excerpt from Human Uniqueness in Paleoanthropology). Although many scientists believe in animal consciousness, they are unwilling to admit it publicly. As one colleague confided to Rollin, I believe it at home, but I leave it behind when I go to the lab (Rollin 268). Belief in animal mentation requires value judgments, something which modern science abhors. For this reason, many in the field are reluctant even to propose study of the concept. Belief in the cognitive abilities of animals is crucial to the issue of animal rights and welfare. Currently, traditional science adopts the viewpoint that animals are incapable of emotions related tot he satisfaction or non-satisfaction of their needs. Therefore, the humane treatment of lab animals is not an issue (ala Descartes) According to Rollin, the only was to convince the skeptics and remedy this mindset is for the study of animal consciousness to become a moral science: Methodologies must be devised which maximize the respect for individual animals acknowledging that without research into animal awareness, moral concern for animals in society must be limited in both scope and detail, and resulting social policy must inevitably be ill-founded (Rollin 270).To convince the skeptics in the scientific community, research into animal consciousness must go beyond demonstration of the ability of animals to exhibit language. As Savage-Rumbaugh states, As long as behavioral scientist follow in the footsteps of Descartes, assuming that nonhuman animals are merely robots made of meat and bone, they will refuse to give up their paradigms built upon the methods of physics and chemistry. (Savage-Rumbaugh Lewin 255). Language is based on comprehensive. Comprehensive is exhibited by a wide range of language-related skills. These include the ability to draw inferences, weighing relevancys, participation in social practices, providing justifications, and using language to guide and plan activities (Atherton and Schwartz 14). Most ape language studies indicate that animals possess the cognitive aptitude to perform all these activities, although not at a level of sophistication that matches human beings. Maybe another way to tackle the question of animal consciousness would be to try to think in terms of the animal mind instead of in terms of the human mind. Either way one looks at this issue, after considering the facts presented in Kanzi, there can be no question as to the validity for the argument that many animals possess a level of consciousness and understanding.